Protocolo PROSPERO

The search will be carried out using the electronic databases:Academic Search Complete (ASC); MedLine (ML); Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (PBSC); PsycINFO (PINF); Web of Science (WofS)

The expected date to start the search is August 1, 2023.

We will use the Brave web browser.

The search will be restricted to articles written in English, Portuguese, Spanish or French and published in 2000 or later.

The search will be carried out through the Title (TI).

The core search word will be "abstention" individually combined with the logical operator "AND" and the following words/terms: "abstainers"; abstaining from voting"; "electoral abstention"; "not to vote"; "not voting" and "non-voting".

Inclusion criteria:

Studies on electoral abstention and non-voting behavior
Quantitative empirical studies
Studies published in peer-reviewed journals
Studies written in English, Portuguese, Spanish or French
Studies published between 2000 and 2023

Clinical trials, scoping, literature, mapping and systematic reviews, single case studies, book, book chapters, dissertations, letters, commentaries, expert opinions and non-original studies will be excluded from the study.

Articles written in another language than English, Portuguese, Spanish or French and studies prior to 2000 will also be discarded.